New Summer Research Planned for on Allen Island

Colby College and the Up East Foundation have recently approved four projects for Allen Island during the summer of 2017.   

Metagenomics of a bumblebee refugium

Dave Angelini, Department of Biology, Colby College

Project summary: Bumblebees are important pollinators in natural and agricultural settings, but these iconic and charismatic insects are experiencing population declines in Maine and around the world (Cameron et al. 2011; Grixti et al. 2009) due to increased use of pesticides, the spread of bee diseases and habitat destruction (Goulson et al. 2015). Surveys of bumblebee diversity in 2016, found that Allen Island appears to host an isolated relict population, a refugium, of the northern amber bumblebee, Bombus borealis. While it is a native of New England, B. borealis is not common on the mainland or other islands in the Gulf of Maine. I propose to monitor B. borealis and other bumblebee species on and around Allen Island using classical methods of population genetics and as well as high-throughput sequencing analysis of all microbes associated with individual bees (that is, their metagenome). This project will connect with students from Colby’s Achievement Program in the Sciences (CAPS) program and the Herring Gut Learning Center, which serve traditionally underrepresented student groups, providing a hands-on introduction to local insect biodiversity, ecology, and genomics. The project is intended to continue over multiple years, providing longitudinal monitoring of the bumblebee populations on and around Allen Island. The ecological and metagenomic results will inform efforts for pollinator conservation and help biologists better understand how island geography impacts the microbial communities associated with wild insect populations. By involving local students in all levels of this work, they will become informed stakeholders in the biodiversity and ecological health of our coastal community.

Soundscape Ecology on Allen Island

Catherine R. Bevier, Department of Biology, Colby College

Project Summary:Soundscapes include the biological, geophysical and anthropogenic sounds that emanate from a landscape. These vary spatially and temporally, reflecting important ecosystem processes and human activities (Pijanowski et al. 2011a). Integrating soundscapes with studies of landscape ecology, biogeography, and bioacoustics provides the basis for the relatively new field of soundscape ecology. Research in this field occurs at many scales, including broad surveys of biodiversity, especially in sensitive habitats, or understanding how individuals of a single species are distributed in a habitat. I propose to develop techniques to study the terrestrial and aquatic soundscapes of Allen Island. Three initial projects are described below that I hope to implement in 2017: determine the temporal variation of chorus activity in green frogs, explore the dynamics of bumblebee visits to flowers, and survey the near-shore underwater soundscape of the docks at Allen Island. Data will be acquired using weatherproof acoustic recorders and analyzed with sound analysis software. Results of these initial projects will provide information on aspects of the natural history of the island, on feasibility of more complex future projects, and how efficiently data are acquired and assessed. Ultimately these soundscapes can serve as documented and archived samples of the acoustic natural resources on Allen Island, and more sophisticated projects can be planned that are designed for longer-term or more complex data acquisition that contributes to conservation initiatives.

Monitoring Amphibian Population and Habitat Health in Wetlands on Allen Island and Central Maine

Catherine Bevier (Colby College), Matthew Chatfield (Unity College), Cheryl Frederick (Unity College)

Project Summary: Declines and extinctions of amphibian populations over the last few decades serve as alarming contributions to the current biodiversity crisis. These species, particularly anuran amphibians, can serve as indicators of environmental health. Therefore, tracking and documenting intrinsic and extrinsic features of frog populations, specifically Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans), in different environments provides an integrated approach to better understand potential stressors that can influence frog populations. This research project is designed to improve our understanding of these stressors, such as habitat quality, which can affect amphibian health and vulnerability to emerging infectious diseases such as ranavirus and chytridiomycosis. We will build on the research completed by Chatfield and Frederick in summer 2016 to study features of Green Frog populations on offshore island in Maine and compare intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics with Green Frog populations in wetlands of central Maine. Given that two major amphibian pathogens, chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) and ranavirus, were absent in Allen Island populations but prevalent in populations around Unity, this is a valuable opportunity for a rigorous comparative study. The results of this research will contribute to the growing body of knowledge about factors that influence the health of amphibian populations, provide baseline data on species composition of targeted wetland areas, and identify the disease status of populations against which future population and disease trends may be evaluated.

Colby Advancement Program in the Science – CAPS

CAPS Students and Professors King, Bruesewitz, Angelini, Bevier, Dunn, and Sullivan – Colby College

Project Summary: CAPS is a program designed to increase recruitment, success, and retention of underrepresented minority students (URMS) in the sciences. CAPS was implemented in 2009 as a summer bridge program with the goal of addressing the two overarching challenges facing URM science students at Colby: 1) mathematics preparedness for gateway science courses, and 2) stereotype threat as a sociological barrier to student achievement and sense of belonging in the sciences.  We propose to expand the campus-based CAPS program to include a four-day program on Allen Island (July 10-13, 2017).   Students would spend three nights on the island with faculty rotating on and off the island as they deliver four different curricular components to the island module.

Four one-day programs:  July 10-13, 2017.

  • Chemical Oceanography – King and Bruesewitz. The day will begin with an introduction to the island history, systems, and policies.   Students will use standard oceanographic instruments to measure salinity, temperature, and oxygen from the Allen Island docks and again from the shore on the south end of the island.  Students will gain experience collecting samples, recording data, and begin a conversation on the spatial and temporal variability of temperature and salinity around the island.   Oxygen measurements made with an electronic oxygen sensor will be compared to Winkler titrations of oxygen performed in the bunk house.   Temperature and salinity data will be compared to our time series data collected from the dock since October 2016.   Salinity at the dock on Allen Island can change by over 30% on any given day and it will be interesting to see if the salinity on the north and south ends of the island are similar or very different. 
  • Geologic Mapping – Sullivan and Dunn.  Maps showing the distribution and ages of geologic features, or geologic maps, are a fundamental tool of geologists. They elucidate processes ranging from growth of Earth’s continents and ocean basins to sediment transport on Mars.  Mapping geologic features is both a skill and an art. Geologists must balance detail with scale and observation with interpretation. They must navigate complex terrain to find limited bedrock exposures while constantly assessing their mapping strategy. Students engaged in mapping simultaneously exercise higher-order thinking skills, grow their geologic knowledge base, and intimately connect with their environment.   The CAPS students will get and introduction to geologic mapping on day two of their island visit.   Guided by Professors Bill Sullivan and Tasha Dunn the students will learn the basics of mapping while also exploring the islands unique shoreline and geologic features.
  • Amphibian Health – Bevier. Declines and extinctions of amphibian populations over the last few decades serve as alarming contributions to the current biodiversity crisis. These species, particularly anuran amphibians, can serve as indicators of environmental health. Therefore, tracking and documenting intrinsic and extrinsic features of frog populations, specifically Green Frogs (Lithobates clamitans), in different environments provides an integrated approach to better understand potential stressors that can influence frog populations. This research project is designed to improve our understanding of these stressors, such as habitat quality, which can affect amphibian health and vulnerability to emerging infectious diseases such as ranavirus and chytridiomycosis.  Students on day three of the island visit will assist with collection of Green Frog and pond water samples.  More details on this project are provided in the separate proposal on amphibian health. 
  • Metagenomics of Bumblebees – Angelini. Bumblebees are important pollinators in natural and agricultural settings, but these iconic and charismatic insects are experiencing population declines in Maine and around the world due to increased use of pesticides, the spread of bee diseases and habitat destruction. Surveys of bumblebee diversity in 2016, found that Allen Island appears to host an isolated relict population, a refugium, of the northern amber bumblebee, Bombus borealis. While it is a native of New England, borealis is not common on the mainland or other islands in the Gulf of Maine. We propose to monitor B. borealis and other bumblebee species on and around Allen Island using classical methods of population genetics and as well as high-throughput sequencing analysis of all microbes associated with individual bees (that is, their metagenome). This project will connect with students from Colby’s Achievement Program in the Sciences (CAPS) program and the Herring Gut Learning Center, which serve traditionally underrepresented student groups, providing a hands-on introduction to local insect biodiversity, ecology, and genomics. The project is intended to continue over multiple years, providing longitudinal monitoring of the bumblebee populations on and around Allen Island.   Students will be involved in tracking and collecting bees during the fourth day of their island visit.   More details on this project are provided in the separate proposal on metagenomics of Bumblebees. 

Education Practicum at Herring Gut Alternative Learning Center

Adam Howard, Colby Education Program

Grace Fowler Teaching at Herring Gut

Every January Term, around twenty-five Colby students in the Education Program complete a practicum at schools near and far, a requirement for majors and minor in education. During the practicum, students serve as assistant teachers, tutor students, work with students individually, observe professional teachers, and prepare and present lesson plans if appropriate. To fulfill requirements of the practicum, students complete 120 hours at minimum.

In January Term 2017, Grace Fowler ’17 became the first Colby student to complete the practicum at Herring Gut. During the practicum, she lived on campus, worked closely with teachers, planned individual lessons, worked with students on an individual basis, and made connections with the local Port Clyde community. As an environmental studies major and education minor, the practicum provided Grace an unique opportunity to combine her interests.

As an education institution guided by alternative methods, experiential forms of education, Herring Gut Learning Center provides Colby students unique learning experiences. Specifically, Colby practicum students are provided the necessary context to:

  • Obtain knowledge that is unique to the particular education offered at Herring Gut;
  • Have opportunities for teaching experiences in the learning center, work with students directly, and develop skills and knowledge for teaching;
  • Examine and clarify attitudes and values about teaching, and practice teaching related skills;
  • Gain experience in interacting with learners of different cultural backgrounds, with special problems and needs, and from communities different from their own;
  • Develop skills in observation, teaching, guidance and discipline, classroom organization, assessment and evaluation, use of varied materials and equipment, and self-evaluation;
  • Develop a questioning attitude of self and the environment to gain insights for growth;
  • Appreciate individual differences and legitimate the individual experiences brought to the group setting;
  • Develop communication and leadership skills.

In partnership with Colby, Herring Gut is working with a filmmaker to document Grace’s learning experiences during January as a resource for future students considering  a Herring Gut teaching practicum. In future January Terms, we are planning to place two students in this immersive practicum.   

For more information please contact Adam Howard, Director of the Colby Education Program.

Weather Station Repairs – 1/17/2017

It was a beautiful January day on Allen Island and we took advantage of the mild weather to install a repaired weather station.   We are using a NexSense data logger with a cellular modem to access weather and water column data in real time.  Live Weather Data

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The new Luft 7-series sensor package provides temperature, rain, snow, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity data.

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The visit was also an opportunity to clean the salinity sensors.

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All of the work was carefully supervised by Dave’s dog Cody.

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It is the end of the lobster season for many of the local fishermen with thousands of traps stored on the dock for Winter.

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Student Presentations – 12/9/16

Friday evening the students in CI245 and AM266 presented their final semester projects to fellow students, faculty, and friends.  Use the links below to learn more about these amazing class projects.

IMG_61941-300x225CI245 Documentary Production: A Editor’s Perspective was a course offered during the Fall of 2016 at Colby College.

A documentary comes to life in the editing room. In this course the students engage with various forms of documentary storytelling from an editor’s perspective. In addition to watching documentary films, students produced and edited three documentary video projects. While attention was paid to developing ideas and production, the class focused most heavily on the editing phase of production. Time was given to refine, recut and reedit. Students learned the art of process, of revision and reimagining, as well as learning valuable technical skills such as using a camera, shooting a scene, and interviewing techniques.

 

Allen IslandTracing the Midcoast was built by members of “The Cultural Geography of Allen Island,” an American Studies course at Colby College in Fall 2016. We explored how people have created and recreated Maine’s Allen Island—as a material place and an idea—and how those material and cultural constructions reflect beliefs about Midcoast Maine, nature, the past, modernity, community, and the individual.

 

Making Connections – 11/6/2016

This Saturday Colby Trustee Sandy Buck, Sissy Buck, and a group of Colby facuty met Philip Conkling, Peter Ralston, Buzz  Bullock, and Herring Gut Board Chair Peter Harris for a trip to Allen Island and the Herring Gut School.  Phillip and Peter were the principal island architects that helped Betsy Wyeth transform an uninhabited and over grown island into a unique resource for fishing, education, and research.  The trip was the first visit to the island for several participants and also provided an opportunity the group to interact with Prof. Ben Lisle’s Cultural Geography Class, AM226.

Peter Ralston and Peter Harris discussing island history and the importance of community with a group of Colby students. A lively conversation helped warm the group on a cool November day.
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Ben Lisle’s Cultural Geography of Allen Island class.
Colby Adults on Raven at Allen
The Saturday visitors to Allen Island aboard the Raven.

 

10/8/16 – Climate Monitoring and Island Exploration

Allen Island is located in the middle of Muscongus Bay, one of the most productive lobster fisheries in Maine.   This project is installing state-of-the-art climate monitoring equipment to monitor air temperature, wind, rain, and humidity above the dock and salinity, and water temperature in the Allen Island – Benner Island channel.

We left Colby at 0500 to meet the the Archangel at dawn in Port Clyde.   IMG_1852

 

The harbor was covered in early morning fog, but our early arrival was rewarded with great views of the harbor and a spectacular sunrise over Marshall Point Light.IMG_2238

 

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Half our group headed south on the island to scout for geologic formations as part of future bedrock mapping projects.   Our Art colleagues were fascinated with the textures of the island from the rocky shores to the wool caught on the branches of the trees from grazing sheep.
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Our data loggers use a small microprocessor connected to the internet via a cellular modem.  The contrast in our island projects from chemical sensors, geology, and art added to our collective experience on the island.

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Instruments and data loggers deployed on the Allen Island dock.   Our weather sensor had a communication error and returned to Colby for trouble shooting.  Our sensors in the Allen Island channel are functioning normally.  The water temperature is a brisk 13.5 oC (56 oF) and getting colder.
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The Colby crew at the end of a long productive day on the island.   Everyone is looking forward to coming back soon.

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Participants left to right:  Francis Dunham, Sergio Madrigal, Ella Maddi, Colette Gould, Tasha Dunn, Whitney King, Amanda Deming, Bonje Obua, Alison Stigora, Daniel and Hayden Harkett.

The Ocean Environment – September 28-30, 2016

Seven Colby students, participating in the Colby-at-Bigelow fall semester program, spent two days on Allen Island learning field methods and conducting surveys.

Bigelow Microscopy funThe students collected a nighttime zooplankton sample to characterize the zooplankton community in the passage between Allen Island and Benner Island. They deployed a plankton net with a strobe light, and identified the collected organisms back at the bunkhouse. It was a beautiful fall night, and there was an impressive display of bioluminescence in the waters off the dock. A group of students returned to the water the second night to enjoy the bioluminescent light show

The students also conducted a survey of marine debris, establishing a baseline for future coastal surveys. They worked hard, covering sites around the whole perimeter of the island.

Students examining their zooplankton sample via a microscope and monitor. A mysid captured in a night tow with a net and strobe light. The image was projected from a microscope to a monitor.

Bigelow plankton

Participants
Nick Record
Maria Pachiadaki
Emily Geske
Jared Wang
Echo Chen
Elenia Lin
Julia Park
Tom Kiffney
Ellie Irish
Project: The Ocean Environment, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Colby-Bigelow Changing Oceans Semester