Author: William Reynolds

Singularity? A true History of Computing

Many believe that computing power will soon reach a point where humans create an AI that spawns runaway technological progress. This idea coined the “Singularity” by Ray Kurzweil would cause an unimaginable change to society. Given Kurzweil’s reputable position as the “head of engineering” at Google, many have accepted this idea as truth, which has caused much fear of the future. My site, through simply explained and visually appealing animations and graphs will provide background information to explain how Kurzweil’s idea is more based on faith than fact.

There are countless sources, texts, and graphs on the history of computing and algorithms, but none that quickly and visually portray just how fast technology has advanced in a beautiful way on a single site. My research project will consist of a website full of captivating content for the 21st-century user. As long texts and technical graphs only engage the researcher, my digitized content will take 50 years of historical data and boil it down into short, less than a minute long animated clips and graphs. Not only will the clips simply describe the incredibly fast pace of technological change, but they will also help to debunk certain myths surrounding the future of computing.

Thoughts on Darwin Online

Darwin Online is the worlds largest and most widely used resource on Darwin, as said by its chief editor, John Van Wyhe. Van Wyhe is a historian of science, whose work has mainly focused on Charles Darwin and his “runner up” on the theory of evolution, Alfred Russel Wallace.

Van Wyhe’s Darwin Online is not a collection of his writings on Darwin. Instead, his website mainly functions as a connector or a digital network linking between the many primary and secondary sources on Darwin. Here users can find original works of Darwin in transcribed PDF form, original images of the handwritten text, and many more assets. The PDFs are accessible in multiple languages, making the site available to a much wider audience. The non-primary information on Darwin conveys other interesting knowledge about his life. For example on the sites media tab, interesting links can be found on the scientist’s background, including a timeline telling the story of Darwin’s life. This page also links to what seems to be every news bite ever written about the man. Here one can find new articles, academic writings, and radio shows. One interesting page I saw under the media tab, displayed primary and secondary sources on “Darwin and Religion.” This is something I would think to be uncommon in sites on Darwin. Although Darwin did write on theology, it was obviously not the primary focus of his work. The vast amount of knowledge on Darwin’s life in all aspects shows how this resource is indeed the best digital source for researching the man. I found it interesting how Van Wyhe, with his vast knowledge, could have written a book about Darwin. It could have included his summary of every aspect contained in the site. However Van Wyhe chose not to, and I find his work more productive. If one is researching for any reason, you can begin with the brief biography, view the timeline of his life, and quickly browse over all the titles he worked on. Before I start to research a topic in depth, I always begin by quickly reading over Wikipedia and I try to find some digital media on the subject. This way I can quickly get my head around the subject, and begin to form my outline. After a proper outline is formed I begin to start reading in depth. This layout of Van Wyhe’s site optimizes for quick learning by holding this structure. I think this point exposes what the most important aspect of digital history, that the structure of information can be much more dynamic. Dynamic structures can present and organize information in ways that will help you learn the best. In the Case of Darwin Online, I believe Van Wyhe did a good job organizing the information. The only suggestion I would make to his site is the somewhat outdated graphics and fonts, which do not exactly match current trends.

They Shall Not Grow Old – Opinions and Techniques

The movie industry has been captivating minds since the dawn the of motion picture in the late 19th century. A series of black and white images with no sounds, may seem boring in today society although it was an astonishing achievement back then. These B&W images stitched together and played at 10 – 20 frames per second with possible music overlay spawned a whole new market for entertainment. However today’s youth are bored by histories obsolete motion pictures. Film technology has evolved quite a bit over the past 100 years, and much greater film quality is expected from todays generations. Current expectations seek high resolutions and accurate stunning colors and audio which give the film a near lifelike feeling. These expectations have seemingly made the creation of films and documentaries with old footage seem nearly impossible.

The newest work of Peter Jackson, “They Shall Not Grow Old” debunks this myth, as he used original B&W silent footage from World War One to create a stunning and captivating film with immense realism. As film technology has evolved, computer techniques to make the old seem new have also. Jackson used state of the art technology to bring accurate color, resolution and audio to his picture. The visual editing of their process was composed of two main parts. The first was to bring the low resolution black and white footage to a higher resolution with a cleaner look. This task is where Jackson’s team spent most of their time. Their process consisted of sharpening footage, correcting overly and underly exposed shots and reducing random noise in the shot that came from degrading tapes and tape copying. I found the before and after shots of overly exposed film particularly impressive. The second visual task, was to colorize the images. Colorization has always been controversial topic, as some feel as though old films were directed with B&W style in mind. They argue that colorizing film degrades from the directors vision. However Jackson describes how the soldiers during the war did not experience it in black and white, so he aimed to have the film resemble what they saw as close as he could. The end result was stunning, the visual effects combined with sounds effects of all genres created a far more captivating video than the originals shots.

Overall the film did a great job telling the intense tail of the first World War. However the process of creating it is what I found most impressive. Before the introduction and following the credits Peter Jackson summarizes the process of the films creation. This began by telling the viewer that this was not a normal film/documentary with recreated shots that theorized what the soldiers daily life was like. Jackson’s intro gives the viewer a vivid sense realism while watching. Although the video was not 4k quality like works filmed today, the teams editing work combined with an contextualizing intro gave the film realism unparalleled by re enacted documentaries.