LESSON PLAN
Definition
Categorization
Placement
Agreement
A pronoun is a word that replaces or refers to one or more nouns or pronouns within a sentence.
Pronouns can be categorized according to what type of noun they replace or refer to.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
SUBJECT PRONOUNS Replace the subject of a sentence DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS Replace the direct object of a sentence INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS Replace the indirect object of a sentence STRESSED PRONOUNS Emphasize the subject of a sentence or help differentiate between two object pronouns REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Show that an action is reflected back on the subject POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Refer to something that is being possessed by something else CI & NE Replace phrases introduced by certain prepositions THE IMPERSONAL “SI” Indicate the subject is “people in general” DOUBLE PRONOUNS Result of combining a direct object pronoun with an indirect object pronoun, reflexive pronoun, or ci/ne RELATIVE PRONOUNS Refer to a previously mentioned noun in order to relate two or more clauses DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS Refers to something that is either close or far away from the speaker INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Signifies the subject is nonspecific (“people in general”) [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::Io ho comprato uno zaino.
I bought a backpack.
Purpose: SubjectMi mancano le mie sorelle ma le vedo a Natale.
I miss my sisters but I will see them at Christmas.
Purpose: Indirect object, direct object
Cosa ti piacerebbe mangiare? A me piacerebbe una pizza.
What would you like to eat? I myself would like a pizza.
Purpose: Stressed
Io ed i miei amici ci parliamo molto.
My friends and I talk to each other a lot.
Purpose: Reflexive
Durante l’estate, si va in spiaggia.
During the summer, people go to the beach.
Purpose: ImpersonalQuesta è mia sorella che è molto intelligente.
This is my sister, who is very intelligent.
Purpose: RelativeQuanti libri hai comprato? Ne ho comprati due.
How many books did you buy? I bought two of them.
Purpose: Ci/neTi puoi prestare la tua crema solare? Se non me la metto, mi scotto.
Can you lend me your sunscreen? If I don’t put it on, I’ll burn.
Purpose: Double
[/jaccordion]
Almost all pronouns come directly before the verb, however if there is a conjugated verb followed by an infinitive, may attach to the end of the infinitive.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::Hai guardato Harry Potter? Voglio guardarlo con te.
Have you seen Harry Potter? I want to watch it with you.
Purpose: Direct object pronounDomani possiamo parlarci.
Tomorrow we can talk with each other.
Purpose: Indirect object pronoun[/jaccordion]
Pronouns generally agree in number and gender with the noun(s) or pronoun(s) they refer to or replace, however the way they change differs depending on the type of pronoun.
SUBJECT pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Singular Plural 1st Person Io I Noi We 2nd Person
Tu You Voi You 3rd Person Lui/lei He/She Loro They [/jaccordion]
DIRECT OBJECT pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Singular Plural 1st Person Mi Me Ci Us 2nd Person
Ti You Vi You 3rd Person Lo/la Him/her LI/Le Them [/jaccordion]
INDIRECT OBJECT pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Singular Plural 1st Person Mi (To/for) me Ci (To/for) us 2nd Person
Ti (To/for) you Vi (To/for) you 3rd Person Gli/le (To/for) him/her Loro (To/for) them [/jaccordion]
STRESSED pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Singular Plural 1st Person Me Myself Ci Us 2nd Person
Te Yourself Vi Yourselves 3rd Person Sè Himself/herself Sè Themselves [/jaccordion]
REFLEXIVE pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Singular Plural 1st Person Mi Myself Ci Ourselves 2nd Person
Ti Yourself Vi Yourselves 3rd Person Si Himself/herself Si Themselves [/jaccordion]
POSSESSIVE pronouns agree in number, gender, and person and are always preceded by a definite article unless replacing a singular family member.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Masculine Feminine Singular Plural Singular Plural My Mio Miei Mia Mie Your Tuo Tuoi Tua Tue His/Her Suo Suoi Sua Sue Our Nostro Nostri Nostra Nostre Your Vostro Vostri Vostra Vostre Their Loro Loro Loro Loro [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
La mia macchina è nuova. È la tua?
My car is new. Is yours?Suo cugino è un dottore. Cosa fa il vostro?
Her cousin is a doctor. What does yours do?[/jaccordion]
CI & NE do not agree in number, gender, or person. Ci replaces a phrase introduced by a, in, or su, whereas ne replaces a phrase starting with di/da or a direct object pronoun when an amount is expressed.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Sei andato in Italia? Ci sono andato due anni fa.
Have you been to Italy? I went there two years ago.Quanti libri hai comprato? Ne ho comprato due.
How many books did you buy? I bought two of them.[/jaccordion]
THE IMPERSONAL “SI” does not agree in number, gender, or person, however the conjugation of the verb must agree in number with the direct object.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Durante l’estate, si viaggia molto.
During the summer, people (in general) travel a lot.All’università, si studiano molte materie.
At university, people (in general) study many subjects.[/jaccordion]
DOUBLE pronouns agree in number, gender, and person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Direct Object Pronouns + Indirect Object Pronouns & Ci/Ne LO LA LI LE NE MI Me lo Me la Me li Me le Me ne TI Te lo Te la Te li Te le Te ne GLI/LE Glielo Gliela Glieli Gliele Gliene CI Ce lo Ce la Ce li Ce le Ce ne VI Ve lo Ve la Ve li Ve le Ve ne GLI/LE Glielo Gliela Glieli Gliele Gliene
Direct Object Pronouns + Reflexive Pronouns LO LA LI LE NE MI Me lo Me la Me li Me le Me ne TI Te lo Te la Te li Te le Te ne SI Se lo Se la Se li Se le Se ne CI Ce lo Ce la Ce li Ce le Ce ne VI Ve lo Ve la Ve li Ve le Ve ne SI Se lo Se la Se li Se le Se ne [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Ci puoi fare una foto? Dopo, ve ne faccio una.
Can you take a picture of us? After I’ll take one of you.Ti puoi prestare la sua crema solare? Se non me la metto, mi scotti.
Can you lend me your sunscreen? If I don’t put it on, I’ll burn.[/jaccordion]
RELATIVE does not agree in number, gender, or person.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Che That, who Can function as a subject or an object Quale That, who Can function only as a subject and must be accompanied by a definite article Cui That, who Can function only as an indirect object and therefore always follows a preposition [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Quello è il treno che ho preso ieri.
That is the train that I took yesterday.
L’uomo il quale vende le rose nel mio quartiere è molto simpatico.
The man who sells roses in my neighborhood is very nice.L’Italia è il paese in cui vivo.
Italy is the country in which I live.[/jaccordion]
DEMONSTRATIVE pronouns agree in number and gender.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
QUESTO Singular Plural Masculine Questo Questi Feminine Questa Queste
QUELLO Singular Plural Masculine Quello Quelli Feminine Quella Quelle [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Mia sorella è questa.
My sister is that one.Quelli sono gli zaini nuovi.
Those are new backpacks.[/jaccordion]
INDEFINITE pronouns have irregular agreement in number and gender.
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
TABLE::
Agreement in number and gender Tutto + def. art. All Agrees in number and gender according to adjectives with four forms Nessun No, any + noun Agrees in number and gender similarly to indefinite pronouns Agreement in only gender Alcuni/e Some Always plural; Agrees in number according to adjectives with two forms Does not agree in number or gender Qualcuno Somebody, someone Always single; does not change to agree in gender Ognuno Anybody, anyone Always single; does not change to agree in gender Chiunque Anybody, anyone Always single; does not change to agree in gender Qualcosa Something Always single; does not change to agree in gender Niente Nothing Always single; does not change to agree in gender Nulla Nothing Always single; does not change to agree in gender [/jaccordion]
[jaccordion size=”xsmall” theme=”smoothness” active=”0″]
EXAMPLES::
Ognuno può imparare a nuotare.
Anyone can learn to swim.Ho comprato le fragole. Ne vuoi alcune?
I bought strawberries. Do you want some?[/jaccordion]