Nature of the Human Body: Art, Science, or Both?

Dr. Carin Berkowitz’s talk discussed the interdisciplinary nature of the human body as it pertains in art and the science of anatomy. She thoroughly analyzed Charles Bell’s work in an attempt to argue that the human body is a visual and experienced art form above all else. In doing so, Dr. Berkowitz gave elaborate examples of Bell’s historic artwork being compared to contemporary works to show how the human form has adapted in the ways it is shown through art. The human body presents a platform for, arguably the most authentic form, of what is known to be “Nature”. She discussed the ways in which the body is scientifically and critically manipulated to either support or refute this comparison. Due to its “inherent beauty” and normative symmetry (from the exterior), the body is loved by artists and scientists alike.

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Artistic Anatomy Paving the Way

This most recent lecture given by Dr. Carin Berkowitz was extremely interesting in the context of this course and might have been my favorite lecture in this series to date. I think it was the uniqueness of the topic that made it so interesting for me but it is undeniable that the pure beauty of some of these works of art also swayed me to favor this lecture more. It was particularly interesting because it is an area of study that I would never have correlated with artwork necessarily on my own, but I quickly realized this is just my own lack of knowledge making me think that way. Our bodies really are works of art in themselves and it is the slight differences between each and every one of us that makes us all so beautiful.

 

It is clear from this lecture that Sir Charles Bell would’ve agreed with me wholeheartedly that each and every body is unique and beautiful. That is why he took such care to show unnecessary details in locations not even related to the bodily system he was portraying. It is also clear by the many various types of artistic work he did for anatomy including wax models, sketches, paintings and much more. I honestly couldn’t help but be taken aback by how gorgeous some of the artwork was, and because of this I couldn’t help but think about how I might be able to obtain some of these works of art. I definitely don’t have a lot of money to spend on some relic or artifact but I would absolutely love to be able to obtain a digital copy of some of these images if at all possible.

 

Aside from my own personal interest in the beautiful work Charles Bell put out into the world, this topic was extremely interesting in the context of this course for a multitude of reasons. The first being the clear connection his work has to modern medicine. Dr. Berkowitz mentioned how the visual arts are becoming increasingly relevant for major medical schools including large elite schools such as Yale. Another connection is through the representation of humans as one whole species. To clarify, I am referencing the question and answer discussion at the end of the lecture when a discussion about race was brought up. I thought this was a particularly interesting topic because one or two of the anatomical pieces by Bell that Dr. Berkowitz showed us depicted African American’s. During a time where slavery was an institution still in place and many saw African American’s as lesser, this seemed groundbreaking to consider. However, as we learned in the discussion from Dr. Berkowitz, it is hard to tell the significance of this because of how scarce the supplies for anatomical drawings were. During a time where religion was also much more commonplace than in our contemporary age, many people did not want them or their family members being cut open and used for science. This means often the bodies being depicted in Bell’s artwork were simply those who weren’t able to prevent it from happening. Despite this fact, there is no denying that Bell gave each and every person the depiction they rightfully deserved in the afterlife by taking so much time and care to make each drawing and depiction stunning. It is also clear that his work was way ahead of his time and he understood the mechanics of the body extremely well. This clearly implies that these visual conceptions of the body are of paramount importance for the field of medicine and makes it clear why medicine and visual arts should be intertwined as we move forward as humans.

Art and Science

I thought Carin Berkowitz’s lecture of “Anatomists and the Stolen Statues: Stories of Science, Art, and Religion” was very interesting and discussed two areas of study that I always separate into very different categories: art and science. When growing up, I was always told there were “sciency” people and “creative” people, and usually people stuck with that category. Obviously I knew there were exceptions to this, but still today you see most scientists sticking with math and numbers and most artists sticking with photography, drawing, painting, etc. This lecture was very interesting because in the history of anatomy, there was no division between the two fields. Both art and science were combined in everyday learning which is something I thought was particularly intriguing about this whole presentation.

I thought the Philosophy of Learning section Carin Berkowitz discussed was most interesting because she went into detail about how Bell would show his students the human body with visual displays and then have the students prepare their own learning. I question if this practice was beneficial, since I would imagine that not all people who were studying to be a doctor had artistic skills. It is clear that Bell was an incredible artist and was an incredible doctor, but what if his students weren’t as gifted? Did this type of learning deter students from entering the medical field? If students were only artistic or only interested in science did they then not enter the medical field because they didn’t have both aspects? That is something that I found very confusing, for I know that it is hard to be both incredible at art OR science let alone art AND science.

I always find that I learn better by actually participating in the work I am doing and learning via experience rather than just listening to a lecture. I agreed with Bell’s idea that there should be hands on learning spaces and hospital schools for students to understand the human body. I can’t imagine that the doctors knew what they were doing at all before this idea came to place, since it is very hard to transfer book knowledge into practical knowledge.

It is incredible that some of his artwork is still preserved today since it is not only accurate but truly a beautiful piece of art. Of course now our medical students learn off diagrams and photos, but this was the beginning of that creation. It is very unique that Bell didn’t have an artist creating these pieces for him but rather created them himself, replicating the exact features of the human body. It is also nice how instead of giving up with the idea of understanding the human body because it was difficult to get an actual anatomy to work with, he figured out a way to understand it in a different light. I thought this lecture was very relevant to the Presence of the Past lecture series because it provided an understanding of the past and how it effects our future, in the medical world and in the artistic world. It is important to preserve this knowledge and memory for our current society as well as our future societies.