{"id":2270,"date":"2026-04-26T19:06:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/?page_id=2270"},"modified":"2026-04-27T14:15:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T14:15:54","slug":"historical-context","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/historical-context\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical Context"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul>\n<li>1784-1830s Early Trade with China\n<ul>\n<li>1784, The Empress of China sailed to China<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1790-1840 The Second Awakening and the Protestant Revival\n<ul>\n<li>1810- The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ABCFM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1829-1861, Elijah Bridgment<\/strong> (1801-1861; BA Amherst College in 1825) went to Canton, China as the first American missionary (ABCFM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1934-1855,<\/strong> <strong>Peter Parker<\/strong> (1804-1888; BA Yale in 1831) went to Canton, China in 1834 as the first medical missionary (ABCFM)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1839-1841 The First Opium War and the Treaty of Nanjing<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>five treaty ports opened<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1844 Treaty of Wanxia (Caleb Cushing, the US Envoy to China)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1860 The Second Opium War and the Treaty of Tianjin<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>11 more treaty ports opened<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1850-1864 The Taiping Rebellion\n<ul>\n<li>Issachar Roberts (Baptist missionary, influence on Hong Xiuquan)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frederick Townsend Ward (helped the Qing quelled the Taiping Rebellion)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1860-1895 Tongzhi Restoration\n<ul>\n<li>1861 Zongli Yamen (\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8, Foreign Affair Office)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1862 Tongwen Guan (\u540c\u6587\u9986, School of Combined Learning) and W.A.P. Martin (\u4e01\u97d9\u826f as head instructor, 1864-1900)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1865-1989<\/strong> <strong>Adele Fielde <\/strong>(1839-1916) <strong>arrived in China and the Swatow Mission<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1869-1875 Denominational Women\u2019s Mission Boards <\/strong>were established (Congregational, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian)\n<ul>\n<li>The rise of single women missionaries in foreign fields<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1871-1882 The first Chinese Education Mission (CEM)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1886-1920s The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions (SVM)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Social Gospel and medical\/educational missions in China<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>YMCA and YWCA at American campus and in China (1895-1950)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1895 The first Sino-Japan War<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1900 The Boxer Rebellion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1909-1940s The Boxer Indemnity Scholarship<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chinese students studying abroad in the US and modernization of China<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1911 The Republican Revolution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1916-1926 The Warlord Period<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1919-1920s The May Fourth Movement<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The rise of nationalism; anti-Christian movement; China\u2019s sovereignty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mr. Science \uff08\u8d5b\u5148\u751f) and Mr. Democracy (\u5fb7\u5148\u751f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1921 The founding of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1924-1927 The First United Front of the Nationalists (KMT) and the CCP\n<ul>\n<li>Purging of the CCP in April 1927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1927-1937 The Nanjing Decade\n<ul>\n<li>1934-35 The CCP\u2019s Long March and Yen\u2019an as the headquarters of the CCP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1934-37 New Life Movement\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1937-1945 The Second Sino-Japan War\n<ul>\n<li>The Second United Front between the KMT and the CCP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1937-1938 The Nanjing Massacre<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1941 Dec. 7 The Pacific War and the US Military Support for China<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Missionary schools and hospitals relocated or shut down<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1946-1949 The Civil War-the defeat of the KMT\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Missionary work and schools\/hospitals reopened<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1950-1952\u00a0 the PRC and the Korea War\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1952, foreign missions shut down<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20321,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2270"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2270"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2399,"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2270\/revisions\/2399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/colby-and-china-ea333\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}