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	var	timeline_json = {"title":{"text":{"headline":"Technology, Regulation, and a History of Change in Lobster Production","text":""},"media":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-01-at-12.18.00-PM.png","caption":false,"credit":"Conkling, The Rise of Lobstering"}},"scale":"human","events":[{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1700"},"display_date":"1700","text":{"headline":"Technology and Regulation Shape Midcoast Maine","text":"While technology and regulation have caused fluctuations in the lobster population throughout history, they have ultimately worked together to assure lobstering remains a viable business in\u00a0midcoast Maine. Technological advancement has made lobstering more efficient and productive, but unfortunately has made it easier to exploit the\u00a0lobster stock.\u00a0Regulations on the size of catchable lobster, management zones, and lobstering licenses have kept these advancements from entirely decimating the lobster population and have allowed for lobstermen to continue their business, and their livelihood, at a sustainable\u00a0rate. It can be assumed that communities on Allen Island and midcoast Maine are affected similarly by the changes in technology and regulation because they have\u00a0been implemented at the same time and in the same way. As technology and regulation have pushed and pulled in regards to maintaining the lobster stock, together they have enhanced the production of lobster in midcoast Maine. <em>Photo courtesy of Charles B. McLane<\/em>"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/Screen-Shot-2016-10-31-at-11.36.25-AM-1.png"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1700"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1800"},"display_date":"1700's - 1800's","text":{"headline":"Regulation to Prevent Cruelty","text":"In the 1700's, lobster was \"in demand only because it was cheap and high in protein, basically chewable fuel.\" Lobsters were considered so lowly that regulations were implemented, predominately in Massachusetts, to prevent lobster from being fed to inmates more than once a week for fear of it being too cruel. <em>Photo courtesy of Getty Images, from the film \"Dodging His Doom\"<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nWallace, Consider the Lobster, 55"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/Jailed-man-timeline.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1775"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1802"},"display_date":"Late 1700's","text":{"headline":"Invention of the Lobster Smack","text":"Lobster smacks were boats that had\u00a0seawater filled\u00a0compartments. These compartments allowed transportation of live lobsters all along the east coast, which was significant due to the fact that lobsters need to be kept alive prior to being cooked. The new technology increased production by enhancing the accessibility of lobster,\u00a0as well as sparking the\u00a0emergence of the canning industry. <em>Photo courtesy of Mickey Macfarlan<\/em>\r\n\r\n_________________________________________________________________ \u00a0Acheson, The Lobster Gangs of Maine, 4"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/lobstersmack.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1840"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1849"},"display_date":"1840's","text":{"headline":"Lobster Canneries Established in Maine","text":"Lobster canneries arrived along midcoast Maine\u00a0and gave a boost to the lobster economy. Lobster could now be transported from Maine to any part of the country without going bad.\u00a0Production began to increase as more consumers could be\u00a0reached. <em>Photo courtesy of Maine Memory Network, Maine State Archives<\/em>\r\n\r\n_________________________________________________________________ Acheson, The Lobster Gangs of Maine, 4"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/lobstercan-label.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1870"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1870"},"display_date":"1870","text":{"headline":"Diversification of Lobster Production","text":"Individuals began subsistence lobstering as more people became aware of the growing lobster industry. The Peapod boat was invented to help make the personal, small scale fishing of lobsters more efficient with its great maneuverability, though lack of an\u00a0engine. <em>Photo courtesy of Maine Maritime Museum, as cited on Maineboats.com<\/em>\r\n\r\n_________________________________________________________________ \u00a0MaineBoats, Evolution of the Maine Lobsterboat"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/Peapod2-LG.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1870"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1879"},"display_date":"1870's","text":{"headline":"Lobster Canning Becomes More Competitive","text":"As more fishermen entered the lobster industry, canning became more competitive with the increase in suppliers. More adolescent lobsters, also known as \"snappers,\" were harvested to maintain high levels of output. This malpractice damaged the breeding stock and led to the establishment of regulations regarding lobster protection. <em>Photo courtesy of Salem Public Library<\/em>\r\n\r\n_________________________________________________________________ Acheson,\u00a0The Lobster Gangs of Maine, 4"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/cannery_14.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1882"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1882"},"display_date":"1882","text":{"headline":"New Regulations to Stabilize Lobster Stock","text":"With canneries taking any and every type of lobster being caught, the size and amount of lobsters being caught in the Mid-Maine area was quickly declining. New regulations were implemented to prevent\u00a0the taking of female lobsters bearing eggs (Title 12, Section 6436), as well as illegalizing\u00a0the catching of lobsters under 10.5 inches overall. In addition, the fishery was also closed from August 1st to October 15th to further prevent the exploitation of the lobster stock and maintain the longevity of midcoast Maine's lobster industry. Without these regulations, the lobster population in the area could have been decimated, and the industry ruined. <em>Photo courtesy of Justin Ries\/UNC-Chapel Hill, National Geographic<\/em>"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/small-lobster.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1895"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1895"},"display_date":"1895","text":{"headline":"Maine Lobster Canneries Cease Operation","text":"The new regulations preventing the harvest of adolescent lobsters led to an unprofitable canning industry due to its reliance on the small \"snappers\". As one cannery after another closed down, the halting production made accessibility to lobster outside of Maine difficult. <em>Photo courtesy of Institute for New Economic Thinking<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nAcheson, The Lobster Gangs of Maine, 5"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/out-of-business.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1903"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1903"},"display_date":"1903","text":{"headline":"Gas Engines Introduced to Lobstering Industry","text":"Small, gas-powered, two-cycle engines were introduced to sail-powered lobster boats in order to assist the boats on days when the wind was weak. However, as engine technology advanced, they\u00a0became\u00a0the boats' main power source. Lobstermen could now set their traps in new areas and\u00a0cover more ground in a day, which increased production. <em>Photo courtesy The Southwest Harbor Public Library Collection of Photographs, via profilesmaine.com<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nConkling, The Rise of Lobstering, 193"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/SWHPL-124402.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1906"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1907"},"display_date":"1906 - 1907","text":{"headline":"Maine Lobstermen Band Together","text":"Declining lobster catches were attributed to the increasing issue of short, young lobsters being taken. Midcoast Maine lobstermen grouped together to form associations\u00a0to protect their livelihood. Through this community work, specifically the creation of the Lobsterman's National Protective Association, the lobstermen were able\u00a0increase the minimum size of a catchable lobster to a body shell length of 3.25 inches. This is in Maine law under Title 12, Section 6431. <em>Photo courtesy of Jacob Watt, National Geographic (Photo Camp: Maine Islands)<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nConkling, The Rise of Lobstering, 192-193\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/measuring-lobster_8468_990x742.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1930"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1980"},"display_date":"1930's - 1980's","text":{"headline":"Lobster Prices Changed Significantly","text":"During the Great Depression, the price of lobster decreased to three cents a pound. As a result of these low prices,\u00a0lobstermen stopped fishing as it was nearly impossible to earn a profit. The lull in production prompted technological advancement as lobstermen needed ways to fish more productively;\u00a0lobstermen needed to catch more lobsters in day to\u00a0counteract the low prices. <em>Graph courtesy of Chiffrephile Consulting<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nAcheson, The Lobster Gangs of Maine, 6"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/lobster-chart.png"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1950"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1970"},"display_date":"1950 - 1970","text":{"headline":"Hydraulic Pot Haulers","text":"In the 1950s, Hydraulic Pot Haulers were introduced which allowed lobstermen to pick up significantly more traps than before. In 1948 there were 15.9 million pounds of lobsters harvested\u00a0and in 1960, after the hydraulic pot hauler was introduced, there were 22.8 million pounds of lobsters harvested. <em>Photo courtesy of Blue Ocean Tackle inc.<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nAcheson, Tricks of the Trade, 84-85"},"media":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/11\/Trap-out-of-water-1.gif","caption":"Watch as the hauler pulls the trap to the surface with such ease and fluidity.","credit":"<i>Video courtesy of Erin Murphy<\/i>","thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/deep_long_line_setup.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"1996"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"1998"},"display_date":"1996 - 1998","text":{"headline":"Limitations on Traps and Licenses","text":"Maine issued a statewide limit of 1,200 traps and instituted localized management zones. These regulations provided a sustainable future for the lobster stocks. Then, in 1998, Maine enacted a moratorium on issuance of new lobster fishing licenses and mandated an apprenticeship program for future entrants. These laws were created to preserve midcoast Maine's significant, yet fragile lobstering community. <em>Map courtesy of followyourfish.com<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nAcheson, Tricks of the Trade, 90"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/lobsterzonesmap.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"2011"},"end_date":{"day":"31","month":"12","year":"2011"},"display_date":"2011","text":{"headline":"Largest Maine Lobster Catch","text":"In 2011, the Maine lobster catch was reported at nearly 125 million pounds, larger than any other catch recorded in Maine. Even though lobster production has increased by 100 million pounds since 1898, the population remains stable as a result of all the technological advancements and regulations put into effect. <em>Photo courtesy of WASSSP Multibeam<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nUniversity of Maine, Lobstering Basics - History"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/Burkhart5.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"2000"},"end_date":{"day":"24","month":"05","year":"2005"},"display_date":"Early 2000's","text":{"headline":"New Technology: Seeing the Unseen","text":"The invention and popularization of the depth finder and sounder, as well as radar, allowed for more efficient and safe fishing practices. Lobstermen could choose specific depths to place their traps and pinpoint them on a map. These advancements allowed for further increases in production by making the time spent fishing more effective. <em>Photo courtesy of MaxSea Marine Navigation Software<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nAcheson, Tricks of the Trade, 85"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/WASSP_MXTZ_PLOT_2.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"01","year":"2016"},"display_date":"Present","text":{"headline":"Turning Back Time: Lobster is No Longer a Luxury Food","text":"Through the late 20th century, lobster was considered a luxury food, primarily consumed by the wealthy.\u00a0In his 2005 book, <em>Consider the Lobster, <\/em>Wallace\u00a0wrote, \"now, of course, lobster is posh, a delicacy, only a step or two down from caviar.\" Now, with the significant improvements in lobstering technology and implementation of sustainable regulations, lobster production has increased to record amounts. As lobster has become more accessible, it has also started to lose its prestige.\u00a0The history of Maine's lobster production is one in which technology and regulation push and pull at each other to sustain the long term health of the lobster stock, and therefore the livelihood of Maine's coastal and island communities. <em>Photo courtesy of WBUR.org<\/em>\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\nJosh Barrie, The Telegraph, From Lobster to Sushi: Foods of the Poor that Became Luxury Items"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/unnamed-1.jpg"}},{"start_date":{"day":"01","month":"11","year":"2016"},"text":{"headline":"Lobster Sources","text":"Acheson, James M. The Lobster Gangs of Maine. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1988.\r\n\r\n\r\nBarrie, Josh. \"From Lobster to Sushi: Foods of the Poor That Became Luxury Items.\" The Telegraph. 2016. Accessed October 27, 2016. http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/food-and-drink\/features\/from-lobster-to-sushi-foods-of-the-poor-that-became-luxury-items\/. \r\n\r\n\r\nConkling, Philip W. Islands in Time: A Natural and Human History of the Islands of Maine. Camden, Me.: Down East Books, 1981. \r\n\r\n\r\nHistory.com Staff. \"A Taste of Lobster History.\" History.com. 2011. Accessed November 20, 2016. http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/a-taste-of-lobster-history. \r\n\r\n\r\nMaine.gov. \"A Guide to Lobstering in Maine - July 2009.\" A Guide to Lobstering in Maine. July 01, 2009. Accessed October 28, 2016. http:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dmr\/science-research\/species\/lobster\/guide\/index.html. \r\n\r\n\r\nMarsh, John. \"Digital Histories of Maine's Lobster Industry.\" John Marsh. Accessed October 22, 2016. http:\/\/johnmarsh.us\/category\/lobster\/. \r\n\r\n\r\nWallace, David Foster. \"Consider the Lobster.\" Gourmet Magazine, August 01, 2004, 50-54. \r\n"},"media":{"url":"","caption":false,"credit":false,"thumbnail":false},"background":{"url":"https:\/\/web.colby.edu\/allen-island\/files\/2016\/10\/IMG_3302.jpg"}}],"language":"en"};
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